Saturday 9 January 2016

My Vaping Story 2016

My name is Paul. I am 37 years old, from Mirabel, Quebec, Canada. I'm originally from Welland in Southern Ontario. I'm married and have a son.

I'm a Long Haul Truck Driver for Challenger Motor Freight. I use an Electronic Cigarette. I am not a vendor, salesperson or store owner.

I smoked tobacco cigarettes for 16 years before I was able to finally quit. Trucking did not help. Smoke after smoke after smoke. I was smoking 2 packs a day before the switch to my Electronic Cigarette. It took me 7 days to completely quit tobacco. I tried everything in the past, NRT, Prescription drugs. Nothing worked, until my ECIG.

YES, I'm still addicted to Nicotine, but compared to cigarettes it's nothing. 95% safer as per Public Health England. No worse than my coffee/caffeine addiction, and I love my coffee!

As of January 7th, 2016, it has made 6 years that I am Tobacco free.

How do I feel?

Great, awesome. I have honestly not caught a cold since I switched. No more lung infections, no more nasal infections, no more smokers cough. No more of the many problems I had while smoking tobacco. My lungs have cleared right up. My family doctor is so proud of me, and slapped a clean bill of health in front of me. Incredible. 

Am I worried of any long term problems? 

Compared to what cigarettes we're doing to me, not at all. Science has proven How safe they are If you compare them to cigarettes. Careful smokers, There is alot of misinformation and lies going around from our Public Health and Government officials, but that is the world We live in. People don`t like to see other people happy or enjoying themselves. It's a cruel world. Quit or Die mentallity. Very sad. Profits before Health.

To this day, I still use my Electronic Cigarettes/Nicotine Vaporiser and have not touched any form of tobacco since the switch.

Vaping is not going away. It's here to stay wether they like it or not. 

Vaping saved my Life!

Vape on!

Sincerely,

Paul Beauregard
(VaperInCanada) on Twitter
Mirabel, Qc, Canada


Tuesday 16 June 2015

The TRUTH and nothing but the TRUTH

For me it's simple. I smoked for 16 years. As bad as it was for me, I really enjoyed it. Before switching to the scientifically proven safer alternative called Ecigs or Vaporisers, I was smoking 2 packs a day. I was a hardcore smoker with no care in the world. I didn't want to quit smoking. Then I found ECIGS. That was 5+ yrs ago. 5+ yrs tobacco free thanks to ECIGS.

I now enjoy vaping as I once enjoyed smoking, as an alternative to burning tobacco. For me, it's not a quit aid, NRT or medical device/product, it's simply an Alternative.

Take away this Alternative and all it's Adult orientated flavors and I will go back to smoking real tobacco. Sad but true.

There you go, that's the truth and nothing but the truth.

#cdnpoli #bcpoli #abpoli #skpoli #mbpoli #onpoli #qcpoli #polqc #assnat #pl44 #nbpoli #nspoli #nlpoli #peipoli #Canada #Vapers


Wednesday 22 April 2015

Ode to Truckers

Ode To Truckers

We don't realize how important they are,
Out on the interstate in front of our cars.
We get angry when they travel up a hill slow,
What they go through, most people never know.

Deadlines and commitments delivering freight,
Worries on his mind about breakage and weight.
A dispatcher sending him all over the place,
He misses his wife and his son's smiling face.

Listening to the radio, trying to stay on time,
Someone forces him to try stopping on a dime.
Traveling around in all kinds of weather,
Sitting in that seat until his bottom feels like leather.

It pays the bills and makes him feel good,
Even if he doesn't get the respect that he should.
He might not be defending his country in war,
But people get what they need, of that he is sure.

A truck driver's life is not an easy one at all,
He's never off duty, he's always on call.
When that rig pulls into his driveway to rest,
His family knows they have been blessed with the best!




Thursday 22 January 2015

Canadian Vendors VS Health Canada





Dear Health Canada,

Letters from your department with the subject “Stop Sale and Advertisement of Electronic Smoking Products which contain prescription drug Nicotine”, with a statement that they pose a health risk to Canadians have been sent out to many Canadian Vendors.

It appears that your department has been misinformed about the nature of Vapor products. Electronic cigarettes contain the word “Cigarette” for commercial purposes. Theyare not smoking products, do not produce or emit smoke, involve combustion, nor utilize tobacco. These are also not medical products, as mentioned in your letter.

Your letter emphasizes this incorrect information where you state “A search in the drug product database, ...does not provide a listing for electronic cigarette products,” together with mention of requirements to obtain market authorization and licensing for the sale of drug products and medical equipment.

Canadian Vendors accept and acknowledge that Health Canada has jurisdiction over health products and that health products require market authorization. If Vendors sold such a health product they would seek such an authorization.

Their products are electronic-cigarettes (personal vaporizers). These have no therapeutic or medicinal purpose – either in practise or in any claims made by Vendors for any part of the product. These are recreational devices that function as an alternative to smoking tobacco cigarettes, sold and marketed to adult smokers. They are not cessation products nor do Vendors misrepresent these products as such or make any claims indicating any effect on the health of users.
These products are simply an alternative to smoking that doesn’t involve smoke, tobacco or similarities to smoking products.

Vendors are encouraged by the recent steps of our Federal Health minister’s request, on behalf of Health Canada, to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Health (HESA) to investigate electronic cigarette products, including those with nicotine, and recommend an appropriate regulatory category, which has not otherwise been established in Canada. We Vendors stand beside our colleagues, medical, science and legal professionals in their informational submission to HESA and await the outcome of this very important step forward.

While global federal health authorities have faced the challenge of regulating this new take on a product, creating new categories, facing challenges from industry and public, we Vendors are pleased to know that our government is willing to investigate at an official level, prior to selecting a regulatory category.

Many smokers have switched to e-cigarettes, from tobacco, for the express purpose of personal harm reduction – as there is no known way to make a tobacco cigarette “safer”, other than to switch it for an alternative product. This does not, however, make an e-cigarette a cessation or health product, and it in no way transforms it into a tobacco product. Many people have reduced or quit smoking by riding bicycles, going cold turkey, or chewing everyday gum but that does not turn those into therapies, medicines, or smoking products.

Despite the volumes of peer reviewed scientific / medical evidence (freely available to anyone interested) concluding that e-cigarettes convey very little harm since they avoid burning plant matter, we Vendors do not use that evidence to promote our product.

Health Canada’s published advisory from 2009 implicitly contradicts the evidence when it advises smokers to keep smoking rather than try a safer alternative. We Vendors do stress - despite solid, peer reviewed research by leading scientific, medical and academic practitioners around the globe showing that these products show real promise to radically reduce harm to smokers, we Vendors neither market, nor promote these claims.

With all of that said, these products do not fall within the scope of the Food and Drugs Act as they are very explicitly exempted, and regulatory categories are in the process of determination.

We Vendors would like to see Health Canada work with ECTA, as a stakeholder (as they have been formally informed that ECTA is a stakeholder, in writing) to help set a solid standard for the Electronic Cigarette Industry, which is growing measurably and globally, every day. As individuals, we share a common goal:- to minimize and possibly eliminate (in a perfect world) smoking tobacco products for future generations.

Sincerely,
All Canadian Electronic Cigarette Vendors.





Monday 15 December 2014

Dear Public Health Units across North America,


Dear Public Health Units across North America,
I am writing to you in regard to comments submitted to the FDA in Re: Deeming Tobacco Products To Be Subject to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as Amended by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; Regulations on the Sale and Distribution of Tobacco Products and Required Warning Statements for Tobacco Products (Docket ID: FDA-2014-N-0189; RIN: 0910-AG38).
This comment appears to be nearly identical to others submitted by many county and city health departments throughout the US. Of greater alarm is the fact that your signature endorses a document that spreads false and misleading claims regarding the contents and risks of electronic vaporizers, also known as electronic cigarettes, or ecigs. I am deeply concerned that public money is being used to further a commercial and political agenda and that a public agency with a moral and legal obligation to protect public health would perpetrate such a malicious act designed to steer smokers away from an alternative that is more than 1000 times safer than combustible tobacco.

The information in the letter you submitted to FDA is, in its entirety, false, being backed up by demonstrated junk science [1] and unsubstantiated propaganda [2] from the tobacco control industry (TCI). It demonstrates malicious and willful ignorance and distinct lack of critical thinking from a public agency with respect to the state of science regarding ecigs. In addition it raises concern than an agency charged with protecting public health is instead pursuing the special interests of fringe groups or industry (as in Tobacco Control Industry). The uncritical parroting of industry messaging by public bodies is not only abhorrently immoral; it is gross public health malpractice with potentially dire consequences for 44 million American smokers.
Please refer to the single most comprehensive review study to date on the risks posed by ecig use published by Burstyn (2013) for an accurate and detailed assessment of the risks of ecigs. This study reviewed more than 9000 observations of the chemistry of ecig aerosol and compared them against worst-case exposure scenarios. The results unequivocally indicate that the vast majority of predicted exposures are <<1% of Threshold Limit Values (TLV) for involuntary workplace exposures. The study concludes that “there was no evidence of potential for exposures of e-cigarette users to contaminants that are associated with risk to health at a level that would warrant attention if it were an involuntary workplace exposures by approaching half of TLV.” And further that “exposures of bystanders are likely to be orders of magnitude less, and thus pose no apparent concern.”

Baseless conjecture spread by TCI and uncritically referenced in your letter alleges that flavors are solely intended to entice children and falsely claim that they cannot possibly be enjoyed by adults. Common sense dictates that such a claim would fail the straight-face test; but, paradoxically, and in spite of the evidence (Farsalinos et al. 2013) it keeps getting parroted by the media, FDA officials, and, now, your letter. The study by Farsalinos et al. (2013) surveyed 4618 participants, more than 90% of which were former smokers. Those surveyed overwhelmingly rated flavors as an important element contributing to their continued use and enjoyment of ecigs. This demonstrates beyond contestation that flavors are an important part of e-cigarettes’ success and pleasure perceived by adult users. This study also shows that flavors are marketed because there is a demand by adult users, and not for enticing children. Considering the fact that adoption of ecigs by youth is minimal and res  tricted to those who are already smokers (ASH England 2014 and ASH Wales 2014), any regulation that would restrict flavor choice would be inappropriate. It would cause harm to vapers, continued harm to smokers who would be denied the opportunity to switch to much safer ecigs, while no public health benefits would be observed in any other population.
The cost-benefit analysis forwarded by the FDA in regards to the deeming regulations and endorsed by your comment is particularly egregious, because it overweighs hypothetical risks, while discounting real benefits. In a recent commentary, Clive Bates [3] itemizes the risks associated with misguided regulations and quantifies that for every hypothetical risk from vaping, there is a more plausible benefit. These benefits are eloquently quantified by Joel Nitzkin (2014) in a policy study regarding ecigs, which proposes sensible approaches to ecig regulations. Another excellent summary of the risk-benefit proposition of regulating ecigs is presented by Saitta et al. (2014), who also discuss the enormous opportunity for appropriate, fact-based regulations to prevent “much misery and suffering” and save millions of lives.
The results of the Hajek et al. (2014)[4] and Farsalinos and Polosa (2014)[5] independently replicate the systematic review of existing laboratory and clinical research and unanimously conclude that “[c]urrently available evidence indicates that electronic cigarettes are by far a less harmful alternative to smoking and significant health benefits are expected in smokers who switch from tobacco to electronic cigarettes.”[5] Further, they demonstrate that there is no evidence of ecig use by never-smoking adults or youth and that ecigs help smokers quit.[4] These systematic and factual reviews build a compelling case that regulating ecigs as tobacco products is not warranted by the current evidence.


The dismal evaluation of ecigs forming the basis of the proposed deeming regulation – endorsed and repeated in your letter – is constructed entirely of deprecated information, inaccuracies, and prejudice. Virtually every assertion made in the document uncritically parrots unsubstantiated propaganda from TCI. FDA’s review of the literature suspiciously ignores the fact that all the hypothetical risks and malicious fear mongering advanced by TCI have been thoroughly debunked [6][7][8]. You should be aware that Drs. Farsalinos and Polosa are currently preparing the publication of another critique of TCI propaganda [9], which should dispel any shadow of a doubt that publications from TCI regarding ecigs are nothing more than academic misconduct and conflicted junk science and cannot be allowed to influence public health decisions.
Finally, Zyoud et al. (2014) searched for all available peer-reviewed literature on the subject of ecigs and retrieved 356 documents, among which 31.5% were original journal articles, 16% letters to the editor, 7.9% review articles, and 44.6% documents that were classified as other types of publications. The retrieved documents were published in 162 peer-reviewed journals, by scientists from 27 countries. All 356 documents discussed by Zyoud et al (2014) should be mandatory reading for any professional and/or regulator with a serious and honest commitment to disseminate accurate information, improve public health, and reduce smoking rate. All ought to be critically reviewed, referenced, and thoroughly discussed by any evidence-based information campaign published by a public agency. The critical review ought to be performed by qualified, impartial scientists with the motivation and ability to distinguish slanted junk science and deceptive inference from rigorous studies employing the scientific method, using appropriate analyses, and coming to defensible conclusions. None of these appear to apply to the letter you sent to FDA.

Calls to suppress, restrict, or ban electronic vaporizers are tantamount to the cold, calculated, and systematic murder of 44 million current American smokers, and 1.22 billion world-wide (Hanley 2014). Evidence presented by Nitzkin (2014) suggests that propaganda, lies, and misinformation regarding tobacco harm reduction (THR) perpetrated by TCI and disseminated by so-called “health” groups and public departments have already caused nearly 10 million unnecessary deaths related to smoking in the past 20 years alone (480,000 deaths per year × 20 years). Even under conservative assumptions regarding the success of THR initiatives using ecigs, Nitzkin (2014) estimates that up to 4.8 million American lives could be saved over the next 20 years. Nitkin (2014) concludes «[a] carefully structured Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) initiative, with e-cigarettes as a prominent THR modality, added to current tobacco control programming, is the most feasible policy option likely to substantially reduce tobacco-attributable illness and death in the United States over the next 20 years.»
This kind of misinformation and propaganda do not reflect well on a public health agency. Please initiate an investigation into the persons intellectually responsible for the uncritical acceptance of junk science and shameless promotion of industry interests at the expense of public health, as they have no place in a department charged with protecting public health or the general interests of The Public.
Respectfully,
DRMA



References:
[5] Farsalinos and Polosa (2014): http://taw.sagepub.com/content/5/2/67
[8] Farsalinos KE, Polosa R. Youth tobacco use and electronic cigarettes. JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Aug 1;168(8):775. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.727;http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1890731
Farsalinos et al. (2013): http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/12/7272

Similar Article by same Author:
http://vapefight.com/public-health-directors-lie-to-the-fda-about-vaping/

**By: DRMA : https://twitter.com/mihotep

Friday 26 September 2014

Debunking Canadian Public Health Myths about Electronic Cigarettes





Across Canada municipalities and other jurisdictions are considering banning e-cigarettes. Is this the best thing to do to protect the public? What are the issues, the 
concerns, and what does the research so far tell us about e-cigarettes.


Overall the argument has been that we do not know enough about e-cigarettes and the best thing to do is to ban them just in case. Recently Red Deer banned e-cigarettes and in the words of Deputy Mayor Lynne Mulder a ban is reasonable “because we don't know whether it's safe or not safe, we have selected to ban it anyway."

Is it reasonable?

There is no shortage of evidence regarding the nature of e-cigarettes or of the people who are using them. Following are the five major points made by those supporting bans and then a summary of the evidence regarding those points

Just like 2nd hand smoke, 2nd hand vapour is harmful to others. We don’t know what is in that vapour and until we do we should not be exposed to it.

We do know what is in the vapour.

In the last two years both the journals Biomedcentral Public Health1 and Nicotine and Tobacco Research2 have published studies concluding that there is no harm in being exposed to second-hand vapor.

Second-hand vapor has nothing in common with second hand smoke.  It has none of the toxins that result from burning tobacco.  It is indistinguishable from what comes out of an approved and recommended pharmaceutical nicotine inhaler3. The nicotine and the trace elements found in second-hand vaper are not only a fraction of that found in cigarette smoke but fall far below Canadian federal safety guidelines. There is no danger to anyone from exposure to second-hand vapor.

It is common to state findings of various toxic elements in the liquids used in e-cigarettes but what is too often not stated is that these occur at levels far below what could harm anyone (just like arsenic levels in fruit, vegetables, game and fish4).

Claiming that we cannot know what is in 2nd hand vapor or that we cannot know if it is safe or not is clear only true if you ignore the science. There is no health evidence in support of banning vaping in public places.




The last thing we need to do from a public health perspective is have a product like e-cigarettes renormalize smoking behaviours.” - Dr. Robert Strang

Vaping does not allow people to get around smoking bans for the simple reason that it is not smoking. It is not a loophole. It is an alternative to smoking and a real threat to the tobacco industry. It is bizarre to suggest that a product that has been so successful in getting smokers to switch is undoing decades of tobacco control.  The anti-smoking movement had its origins in trying to get people to stop smoking; thanks to e-cigarettes people are quitting smoking at a greater degree than ever before.

Though some e-cigarettes may look like cigarettes, they don’t smell like them and they are about 95% less harmful.  They are such an obviously better alternative that they make cigarettes look even worse than they are. Why would anyone prefer cigarettes when they could instead use a product that doesn’t smell up their clothes and hair, tastes so much better, and is so much safer?

Regulating e-cigarettes as, or like, a tobacco product, undermines its appeal and effectiveness as an alternative to smoking.  It undermines public health to discourage smokers from trying e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes are making real inroads on replacing smoking but legislating them like tobacco products would end up supporting the tobacco industry and worse, keep curious and smokers who want to quit from trying them.

And let’s not lose sight of the big picture - if vaping can replace most smoking we would see an almost unimaginable decline in tobacco related illness.

Ultimately this is a product designed and marketed exclusively to smokers.  A recent study in the British Journal of General Practice found that just .2% of vapers (that’s 2 out of 1000) were people who had not been daily smokers5.






Gateway to tobacco use: “Many kids who might not otherwise smoke are choosing to try electronic cigarettes, and that can lead to tobacco use and addiction, which is a concern.”

First of all, legitimate studies of children experimenting with e-cigarettes such as the one from Britain’s Action on Smoking and Health6 have found that not only is it rare but that almost all children who try e-cigarettes have already tried or are smoking cigarettes.

For those kids who have never smoked, there is no evidence that using e-cigarettes (or Nicorette) leads to smoking. What we do have strong evidence for is that e-cigarettes have become the strongest gateway away from smoking - that is- the largest market for e-cigarettes are smokers who want to quit. One recently published study in Addiction Journal of 5800 smokers trying to quit found that those using e-cigarettes to quit were twice as likely to be successful at quitting as those using traditional methods like nicotine gum7. Another study from the Journal of General Internal Medicine8 found that e-cigarettes were experienced to be much more appealing and effective than nicotine inhalers and seen as a more attractive choice for smokers wanting to quit.

As far as arguing that e-cigarettes lead to smoking it would require that a person would deliberately make the choice to move to a product that also delivers nicotine but that in comparison tastes bad and is really dangerous to their health.

E-cigarettes are seriously threatening cigarette sales.  Shouldn’t we support any product that reduces the damage that smoking inflicts on public health?



The Canadian Lung Association is greatly concerned that e-cigarettes with candy-like flavours, such as chocolate and vanilla, are being marketed and sold to youth. “These products have candy-like flavours, which appeal to children and teenagers and can be bought by those under the age of 18.”

Every product that adults consume uses flavour, and adults prefer having that choice.  Flavours in e-cigarettes entice adults away from smoking.  A recent study of over 10,000 vapers found that 66% of them preferred non-tobacco flavours9. Just like the flavours added to Nicorette gum (mint, fruit, cinnamon; or Nicorette cherry lozenges or the mint inhaler)10, the flavours in e-cigarettes are not put there for kids - they are there to meet the demands of adult consumers. Adults prefer products that taste good and they like the range of flavours that make e-cigarettes so much more appealing than cigarettes.

Though people like to raise the fear of children using e-cigarettes, legitimate studies such as the one from Britain’s Action on Smoking and Health, found that not only is it rare but that almost all children who try e-cigarettes have already tried or are smoking cigarettes11.

Yes, some children will try e-cigarettes. Many more children will be trying unflavoured regular cigarettes - is it because they are attracted by the taste of tobacco? No, it’s because some children will try anything they can get their hands on. But the Canadian e-cigarette industry as a whole refuses to sell to children, and the Electronic Cigarette Trade Association of Canada supports specific federal regulations barring the selling of e-cigarettes to minors.







E-cigarettes and E-liquid have no quality control standards and are unregulated.
Even though e-cigarettes are still quite new we understand them much better than we do cigarettes. Cigarette smoke contains over 4000 chemicals but e-cigarette vapor has very few constituents which are quite easy to test for and to control. Study after study has shown that any toxins in e-cigarette vapor exist at just a fraction of what exists in cigarette smoke and even more importantly they exist at levels way below Canadian federal safety guidelines.

It is true that e-cigarettes are not regulated as health products. However, because in Canada these are sold and marketed exclusively as recreational consumer goods, they are subject to numerous and extensive federal consumer product safety guidelines.  These guidelines apply to everything from the constituents in the liquid to the child proof packaging to the labelling and even to the batteries. Everything in e-cigarettes conforms to federal standards designed specifically to safeguard the wellbeing of consumers and the public.

That being said, ECTA or the Electronic Cigarette Trade Association of Canada in cooperation with an independent accredited testing lab and scientific consultants have developed even more stringent standards than the Canadian government requires. These standards include regular third party testing.

As well, ECTA members and pretty well everyone in the domestic industry refuses to sell their products to minors. (Most of the perception of an uncontrolled industry comes from the American market which is much less safety-oriented than the Canadian market).  








In conclusion

Recently a letter from over 50 scientists from 15 different countries written to the director general of the World Health Organization warned that “excessive restrictions on lower risk products will have the unintended consequence of protecting cigarettes from competition from less hazardous alternatives. “If the WHO gets its way and extinguishes e-cigarettes, it will not only have passed up what is clearly one of the biggest public health innovations of the last three decades that could potentially save millions of lives, but it will have abrogated its own responsibility under its own charter to empower consumers to take control of their own health, something which they are already doing themselves in their millions” said Professor Gerry Stimson, Emeritus Professor at the Imperial College in London . Most of the moves to banning seem to come from confusing vaping with smoking when in fact e-cigarettes compete with and have the potential to make smoking not only seem foolish but also make it almost obsolete. Banning e-cigarettes not only supports the cigarette industry but removes the likelihood that thousands of smokers who have tried every other means might finally find the way that works for them.



By: Paul Bergen



References:

THRA.ca - Tobacco Harm Reduction Association of Canada





1 Biomedcentral Public Health: Peering through the mist: systematic review of what the chemistry of contaminants in electronic cigarettes tells us about health risks.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-14-18.pdf

2 Nicotine and Tobacco Research: Secondhand Exposure to Vapors From Electronic Cigarettes
http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/12/10/ntr.ntt203.short
Using an e-cigarette in indoor environments may involuntarily expose nonusers to nicotine but not to toxic tobacco-specific combustion products.“

3 Rest of the Story: Metals in Electronic Cigarette Vapor are Below USP Standards for Metals in Inhalation Medications
http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/metals-in-electronic-cigarette-vapor.html
While the article scared many vapers by comparing the metal levels in e-cigarette vapor to that in cigarette smoke, it failed to inform readers that the levels of metals in electronic cigarettes are generally comparable to those in nicotine inhalers.”

4 http://www.foodinsight.org/Questions_and_Answers_about_Arsenic_in_Food_and_Beverages
5 British Journal of General Practice: Electronic Cigarettes: Fact and Faction. http://www.smokinginengland.info/latest-statistics/

6 Action on Smoking and Health: Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Great Britain. http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_891.pdf “Regular use of electronic cigarettes amongst children and young people is rare and is confined almost entirely to those who currently or have previously smoked.”
7 Addiction Journal: Real-world effectiveness of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation: a cross-sectional population study. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.12623/abstract
Among smokers who have attempted to stop without professional support, those who use e-cigarettes are more likely to report continued abstinence than those who used a licensed NRT product bought over-the-counter or no aid to cessation.  Study consisted of over 5800 adults.
8 Journal of General Internal Medicine: E-Cigarette Versus Nicotine Inhaler: Comparing the Perceptions and Experiences of Inhaled Nicotine Devices. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-014-2889-7

10 Nicorette Gum. http://www.nicorette.ca/products/gum

11 Action on Smoking and Health: Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Great Britain. http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_891.pdf